Objectives. Provide a framework for comprehensive pain evaluation and individualized multimodal treatment. Improve quality of life and function in patients experiencing pain, while reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with pain treatments, particularly opioid analgesics.Level of evidence supporting a diagnostic method or an intervention:

Mirror therapy: Using a mirror, the existing limb is reflected in a way that makes it appear in the place of the amputated limb. The patient learns to reposition the missing limb using visualization techniques.A careful history can indicate the types of pain involved and guide treatment plans. For example, if NSAIDs provide significant relief, an i

Postpartum thyroiditis: This is a relatively rare condition that affects some birthing parents after pregnancy. An estimated 5% of people may experience this in the year after giving birth. It typically causes hyperthyroidism first, followed by hypothyroidism. It’s usually temporary.People taking sedating antihistamines should follow the directio

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